AMD And Intel Processor Comparison Information Technology Essay

AMD And Intel Processor Comparison Information Technology EssayAMD central central processors project deuce-ace ranges high end, middle and end keister. There are collar processors each category. Category consists of high end AMD Phenom II X6, AMD Phenom X4 and AMD Phenom II x2 II. Phenom II X6 is the first six- hollow out AMD processors are intended for the best level of work and precise high. Phenom X4 II is equipped with quad-core Phenom chips and chip-II X6 is specifically designed for the precise unusual lend bingleself of quality mul cartridge clipdia and ripe(p) applications.Phenom X2 II 2 core processor is the capacity to ensure high surgery is good overall with a very economical damage. Category consists of mid-end AMD Phenom X3 II, II, and AMD Turion AMD Turion Ultra II. II Phenom X3 is a client of class 3 core processors with 64- composition computing capabilities, designed to exit optimum performance with economy pricing. Both Turions multimedia products designed for the perfect and nigh of them come with an AMD or ATI lifelikes, of course, at a very economical price. AMD is the AMD Sempron basis, AMD Athlon and AMD Athlon X2 neo neo. Considered best for mobile computing, AMD Sempron is a popular choice for low figure desktop and laptop. The processor is suitable for very elementary computing ask such as browsing the Internet, the basic functions of the business leader and e-mail. Neo Neo Athlon and Athlon X2 comes with a lower processing power and economic strength of customers and or so are found in netbook and nettop. Because the integrated ATI graphics, the processor also offers basic feasible multimedia output.Intel ProcessorsNot to be outdone by AMD, Intel is a in force(p) competitor when it comes to Intel and AMD processor comparison. Similar to AMD, Intel also offers a range of lead processors the high end, mid end and the base the first category consists of three and the rest consists of two products. lofty-end c onsists of the latest series of Intel totality processors i Intel nubble i3, i5, and i7. amount of money and fondness i7 i5 comes with 2, 4 or 6 (there is only the bone marrow i7) and the ability of 64- buffalo chip processors. Both come with Hyper Threading technology and Turbo rising slope. Turbo Boost technology ensures change magnitude overall performance and handling aspect as the number of alive(p) cores, power consumption, processor temperature, etc. Core i3 also has this feature, except Turbo Boost technology. Core i5 has a cache memory is lower than the i7. Mid-end range includes Intel Core 2 Duo and Intel Pentium Dual Core processor. The former offers two core processes that improve the gaming and multimedia output. This last is based on Core micro-architecture and a decent multimedia output. Basic Intel processors, including Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino Duo and Intel Atom.Power ConsumptionWhen we disembodied spirit to overall power consumption of a system, Int el definitely suffered the early dilapidation . Its Pentium 4 processors had a very bad reputation of 150W TDP. Intel tried to unclutter the problem in its Intel i7 960 processor, which goes to less than 95W TDP. But, experiments have still proved that a machine running on an Intel i7 960 processor consumed, at least 7W to a greater extent than power, than an AMD Sempron . But in today AMD to produce a new product, AMD Phenom X4 II. ingathering in product far greater to AMD products before, This Power Consumption one hundred twenty-five watt AMD foot give than the Intel Core i7 , that only 95 .Its as well as big different if you compare whether product by AMD and Intel.Price vs. movementWhen it comes to the performance to cost ratio, AMD has definitely been the winner, for a long time. Its processors were cheaper, as compared to Intel and they definitely did offer high value performance. But, with the advent of the Intels Quadcore and Intel Core i7 processor, the situation has totally changed. The performance of a Intel Core i7 processor is, perhaps, the best in the grocery and its price is continuously falling.3D GamingThis is basically the feature that had allowed AMD to hold its top lay for a long time. Even with no graphics card, AMDs 64 act processor could take on the load and support the gaming features of forward-looking games. Intel, however, suffered an initial setback because the multithreading features that it allowed, were not used by umpteen games then. The AMD Phenom II X4 eccentric person could beat the Pentium 4 computers, in intimately all respects, when it came to gaming. But, the employee turnover once more, happened with the introduction of the Intel i7 960 processor processors. The scenario changed completely. Besides the equivalent features that these two processors could provide (when compared to the AMD Phenom II X4 ), they also had an added feature of supporting dual film tease.GraphicsThe comparison would again be the same, as that of the 3D gaming. AMD is a winner when its processors are compared to Intels preceding processors, and AMD Phenom X4 II. processors, with their supreme features, have helped Intel re gain the share of the market that it deserves.MP3 and Video EncodingAMDs 64 bit processors provided faster encoding of MP3s, as well as telecastings. The reason is simple a 64 bit processor exit, of course, be faster than a 32 bit processor. Intels 32 bit processors had higher clock frequencies, but while the clock absolute frequency of a 64 bit processor could be less, it worked at almost twice the speed than what was mentioned in its manual. This feature was also combated by Intel with its AMD Phenom X4 IIprocessors. If we do not run experiments to test the minutest details, then both the companies john provide good encoding capability for any average user.Cooling and ProductivityComputers working on Intel i7 960 processors definitely have superior cooling features and sna p off agitate sinks, when compared to the AMD machines. Not only this, but the Intel i7 960 could reach to a speed of 3.2 gigahertz on proper cooling.Office Productivity and MultitaskingFinally, we come down to the basic features, that any computer user is upset about the level of pip productivity, lucre browsing speeds and multitasking that their machines would provide. Just as a 32 bit processor and a 64 bit processor cannot be compared with respect to office productivity similarly, it is better if we dont compare these processors as well, on the level of their office productivity. You cannot actually notice a spreadsheet launching faster on your cloak or your letters being typed faster. Both the organizations are equivalent, when compared on the basis of their office productivity. But, coming down to multitasking, AMD with its 64 bit processors provided better multitasking features and no(prenominal) of the Intels processors, before the launching of the Core 2 Duo process ors could match up to it. But with the entry of Intels Core 2 Duo and Quadcore on the scene, we can again get word the situation balanced. Before we end this discussion, let us consider a few more common features that both these processors can grasp equivalently. It may not be of much concern to many people, but the processors manu occurrenceured by both the organizations support the sharing of the DDR2 RAM, peripherals and the video cards equally well. As a computer user, it is, in fact not necessary, to be a die-hard fan follower of the chips of each organizations. Just wait for the more advanced chip to be launched it may be from any organization, but you will definitely be the one to benefit.Which is emend AMD or Intel for Gaming?For gaming , what matters the most is how big is the graphic card or the video card. It would be interesting to know that AMD produces their processors property the ATI graphic cards in mind, whereas Intel makes their laptops to run better with N vidia graphic cards. sort of surprisingly, it was found that AMD machines had exceptional quality graphics as compared to Intels. Hence, if you are a hardcore gamer or like to watch everything in HD, then it is better to bet on an AMD processor laptop. Hence, AMD can be a dupe winner between AMD vs Intel for gaming. We cannot neglect the reputation of Intel at the same time for producing some amazing processors time and time again. Again, Intel has lately stormed the market with their phenomenal Core i series, which are truly amazing for their overall performance. I would say, analyze as per your usage and then decide upon which is better, AMD or Intel. If you emergency your computer for multimedia use like for gaming, music or video editing, etc., and want a gaming laptop, then I would suggest to commove an AMD powered machine. On the other hand, if you dont mind spending more on a computer for its overall performance and the efficient battery consumption, then nothing can be b etter than Intel. It can be canvas that, with AMD processors, you are able to get 90% of overall satisfaction with 60% of price. Whereas, with Intel based machines you can get over 98% or more of overall satisfaction with equal percentage of price.AMD vs Intel Processor Comparison graphUser RequirementAMDIntelPower ConsumptionLess efficient than Intel much efficient than AMDPrice RangeLowerHigherCooling ingredientHeats up fasterRuns cooler for a longer durationPerformance SpeedNot very Fast, compared to IntelFaster than AMDGaming and MultimediaBetter multimedia output due to faster clockingNot very good for gamingPerformancePriceHighLowHighHigh(Specifications)Example AMD IntelProductAMD Phenom II X4Intel Core i7Model Number965I7-880 mainframe computer Part NumberHDX965FBK4DGMBV80605002505AGCore NumberDeneb4MB shared L3 cache2.4GHz Intel Core 2 Duo1066MHz frontside bus3MB shared L2 cacheSocketSocket AM2+ / Socket AM3Socket 1156Frequency (MHz)34003067 measure Multiplier1723L1 cache 256 KB (code) / 256 KB (data)128 KB (code) / 128 KB (data)L2 cache (KB)20481024L3 cache (KB)61448922Max temperature (C)62TDP (Watt)12595ConclusionFinally, we look at to the basic features, that every computer user is worried about the level of office productivity, internet browsing speeds and multitasking that their machines would provide. Just as a 32 bit processor and a 64 bit processor cannot be compared with respect to office productivity, Similarly, it is better if we dont compare these processors as well, on the level of their office productivity. But, in this multitasking sides , AMD Phenom II X4 with its 64 bit processors provided better multitasking features and none of the Intels processors, Before we end this discussion, let us consider a few more common features that both these processors can handle equivalently. It may not be of much concern to many people, but the processors manufactured by both the organizations support the sharing of the DDR2 RAM, peripherals and th e video cards equally well. As a computer user, it is, not necessary, to be a fan follower of the chips of either organizations. Just wait for the more advanced chip to be launched it may be from any organization, but you will definitely be the one to benefit.Back to TopCopyright Hanif Aini2011

ATR-FTIR Analysis for Oil Type Identification

ATR-FTIR Analysis for anele Type IdentificationAbstractAttenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier interpret infr ard Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) summary could greatly help in the identification of crude. By mere inspection of the IR spectra, saturated covers can be slow distinguished from coco crudes. Identification of aneles can be enhance by the use of chemometrical proficiencys such(prenominal) Principal fate Analysis (PCA). utilize this technique, penetrative differences in the spectra can be used to classify vegetable aneles. This shoot return shown that ATR-FTIR in concert with PCA can be used to differentiate unsaturated oils from saturated oil and know apart virgin coconut oil (VCO) from average refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil (CCO). entrance new coconut oil (VCO) has a potential to be one of the Filipinos postgraduate-value export products. In the offshoot half of 2005 alone about 350 metric tons of VCO were shipped to foreign markets. new coconut oil is a minim anyy exploit or a cold press oil obtained by mechanical means (Philippine topic Standard for Virgin coconut Oil 2005) such as crushing pressing and centrifugation. These procedures result in the retention of the natural flavor and small-scale components of the oil, which can oppositewise be destroyed by chemical process such as refining, deodorizing and bleaching. Cold pressed oils commands a higher charge comp ared to processed oils because these natural procedures deliver lower yield and uses higher case raw materials to prevent spoilage (Ulberth and Buchgraber 2000).To ensure the quality of VCO in the country, The Philippine National Standard provided a criterion (PNS/BAFPS 222004). This standard includes goal of expoundty caustic composition using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), iodine value and sensory parameters such as taste, odor and color (Philippine National Standard for Virgin Coconut Oil 2005). However, it is a known fact that the fatty acid pro file of oils is species dependent therefore this com surgical incisionmentalisation method cannot distinguish VCO from run-of-the-mill refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil (CCO). Iodine value in the other hand gives teaching on the degree of unsaturation of the oil and whitethorn be use only to distinguish coconut oils from unsaturated oil care corn oil (CO) and soya bean oil (SO) but cannot discriminate VCO from CCO. stunning parameters can easily be manipulated by bleaching and deodorizing the oil or by addition of flavoring agents.In recent years, various spectroscopic methods make been employed to authenticate vegetable oils such as virgin olive oil (VOO) (Aparicio and Luna 2002 Bucci et al. 2002 Dupuy et al. 1996 Lankmayr et al. 2004 Ozen et al. 2003 Tapp et al. 2003 Tay et al. 2002 Vigli et al. 2003 Yang et al. 2005). These techniques have the ad new wavetages of minimal sample preparation and rapid analysis time (Ulberth and Buchgraber 2000). In the study condu cted by Yang et al (2005), Fourier Transform infrared frequency (FTIR) spectroscopy was found to be the most efficient in classification of oils as compared to Fourier Transform Raman and Fourier Transform Near infrared light spectroscopy. An attenuated measure reflectance (ATR) accessory is usually used with the FTIR spectrometer for oil and fat study imputable to its ability to handle liquid samples easily. The resulting infrared spectrum contains all vibrational information about the entire components of the sample. In order to outcome full advantage of the spectral information, including subtle features that may not be readily discerned, pattern recognition techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are commonly used. These techniques can reveal relationships that were not antecedently suspected, which can lead to interpretations that are not readily apparent by mere visual inspection of IR spectra alone (Beebe et al. 1998 Davies and Fearn 2005). PCA is a numerica l manipulation used to reorganize the high-dimensionality of spectroscopic entropy into a little upshot of Principal Components or PCs that can account for the majority of the information in the data set.MethodologyAll samples of edible oils were obtained from reputable supermarkets in Iloilo City. Samples include four brands of VCO a arrive of six samples, one brand have a total of three samples, dickens regular VCO with different manufacturing dates (labeled as VCO2 and VCO3) and one corn flavored VCO (labeled as VCO4) , three different brands of coconut oil ( CCO1, CCO2, and CCO3) and one brand each of corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), canola oil (CLO), virgin olive oil (VOO) and palm oil (PO). The oils were stored in their original containers until used. Minimal opening of bottles were observed to prevent oxidation of oils.Infrared (IR) spectra of samples were obtained at 4000 400 cm-1, 1 cm-1 resolution and 64 scans using the avatar 330 Thermo Nicolet FTIR equipped with DTGS (deuterated tri-glycine sulphate) detector and EZ OMNIC software at the University of the Philippines in the Visayas chemical science Laboratory, Miag-ao, Iloilo. Samples were fit(p) directly on a multi-bounce zinc selenide horizontal ATR crystal. The ATR crystal was completely cleaned using acetone after each run.IR spectral data of different oils from EZ OMNIC software were converted to Microsoft Excel files. Data were arranged in tabular form, different oils in columns and transmittance at different wavelengths in rows. The excel file was then transferred to Unscrambler reading material 9.6 for Principal Components Analysis. The evaluation magnetic var. of this software can be downloaded at www.camo.com.Results and DiscussionThe FTIR spectra of most fats and oils appeared well-nigh visually similar the slight differences in the spectral features reflect the variations in the fatty acid composition (Figure1 to 6). Every skin rash in the spectra intends morphologic an d functional group, either of the oil or other minor components. At the high frequency end of the spectrum (4000-3500 cm-1) only a few submergence bands can be observed. The most notable are the preoccupation bands repayable to O-H stretching vibration at about 3700 and 3400 cm-1, which may be due to moisture, alcoholic drink or fatty acids. Both alcohols and free fatty acids are degradation product of triglycerides which accumulate during pro gigantic storage and in the charge of moisture. For a clean and dry oil, only the first overtone of the C=O vibration could be seen. The strong band dominating the 3000-2840 cm-1 piece is due to C-H stretches of methylene and terminal methyl groups. The =C-H stretch absorbed at slightly higher region, 3095 -3010 cm-1. A strong absorption peak in the range of 1750-1735 cm-1 is due to the C=O stretch of an aliphatic ester. If degradation has occurred a shoulder located on the lower frequency face of this will appear due to the C=O stretch of the resulting long chain carboxylic acid (1730-1700 cm-1). A sharp peak at about 1660-1600 cm-1 results from a C=C stretching vibration. The carriage of this peak together with a C-H peak at wavenumber greater than 3000 cm-1 is a sizeable indication of unsaturation. The part of the spectrum lower than 1500 cm-1 is called the fingerprint region. The absorption in this celestial sphere of the spectrum is highly characteristic of the molecule as a whole, and can be used to identify the substance (Pavia et al. 2000 van de Voort et al. 2001).As shown in Figure1-6 its is soft to distinguish unsaturated oils from saturated oils by observing the regions that indicate unsaturation, 3095-3010 cm-1 and 1660-1600 cm-1. For olive, corn, palm, canola and soybean oil sharp peaks are seen in both of these areas but no such peaks can be seen in the IR spectra of either CCO or VCO. Thus, visual examination of the IR spectrum can provide a direction to distinguish unsaturated oils from coconu t oils. However, visual inspection of the spectra alone is scant(predicate) to differentiate VCO from CCO because their IR spectra are identical to the naked eye.To compare such large data sets like IR spectra, which consist of to a greater extent than a thousand wavelengths, Principal Component Analysis can be used. This chemometrical technique mathematically models the data into a more manageable data sets (consisting of a few hint components) that can then be interpreted more easily (Brereton 2003).Principal Component Analyses were performed on the spectra of all oils using Unscrambler version 9.6 software. The software generated several important dapples. The percent variance plot gives the total variation in the data set that is described by a particular PC. This plot can be used to determine the number of PC that can effectively describe the whole data set. The 2D scatter plot (PCy vs. PCx) represents how the samples are related to each other. The closeness of the samples i n the plot is interpreted as chemical similarity(Beebe and others 1998).The percent variance plot (Figure 7) of the oil samples spectra generated by the software shows that the first two principal components represent almost 100% of the variance in the data set. As a general rule the PCs that account for less than 5% of the data variation can be rejected (Beebe and others 1998), therefore the first two PCs are sufficient in making our investigation. The scatter plot of first principal component (PC1) versus the second principal component (PC2) shows that it possible to separate the oils into two separate groups, the unsaturated and coconut oil group (Figure 8). Unsaturated oil group consists of corn oil, soya oil, canola oil, palm oil while that of the coconut oil includes CVO and CCO.Performing the same analysis on CCO and VCO spectra reveals that only the PC1 and the PC2 are highly significant (Figure 9). However, the scatter plot of the two PCs did not successfully separate VCO f rom CCO (Figure 10). Close inspection of spectra reveal that there are absorption bands at the high frequency region that might indicate the presence of moisture, fatty alcohol or fatty acids in some samples. This observance is confirmed by the Influence Plot (Figure 11) that shows that there is a high residual variance of the 3740 cm-1, a wavenumber corresponding to H-O absorption. This indicates that the moisture content, fatty alcohol or the free fatty acid content of the oil may have greatly controlled the classification process. The other residual in the mould plot may be due to other components of VCO or CCO that are vital in the classification process.To correct for the effect of the O-H absorption band, it was trenchant to eliminate wavelength above 1800 cm-1 from the spectra of the oil and use only the area encompassing the carbonyl carbon (C=O) and fingerprint region, 1800-400 cm-1. Principal component analysis of this part of the spectra shows that the first two PC ca n be used to flop classify VCO and CCO into separate groups (Figure 12 and 13).In conclusion, FTIR identification of oils can be enhance by the use of chemometrical techniques such Principal Component Analysis. Using this technique, subtle differences in the spectra can be used to classify oil. FTIR together with PCA can differentiate unsaturated oils from saturated oil and can discriminate virgin coconut oil from ordinary refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil (CCO).AcknowledgementThe authors are very grateful to the UP System for upgrading the UPV alchemy Laboratory and for the purchase of the FTIR used this study possible.Literature CitedAparicio R, Luna G. 2002. Charaterization of Monovarietal Virgin olive Oils. European Journal of lipid Science Technology 104614-627.Beebe KR, Pell RR, Mary BS. 1998. Chemometrics A Practical Guide. New York John Wiley Sons, Inc. 348 p.Brereton RG. 2003. Chemometrics Data Analysis for the Laboratory and chemic Plant. West Sussex John W iley Sons Ltd. 489 p.Bucci R, Magri AD, Magri AL, Marini D, Marini F. 2002. Chemical Authentication of extra Virgin olive Oil Varieties by Supervise Chemometric Procedure. Journal Agricultural pabulum Chemistry 50413-418.Davies AMC, Fearn T. 2005 Back to Basics The Principles of Principal Component Analysis. Spectroscopy Asia35-38.Dupuy N, Duponchel L, Huvenne J, Sombret B, Legrand P. 1996. compartmentalization of victual Fats and Oils by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra. Food Chemistry 57(2)245-251.Lankmayr E, Mocak J, Serdt K, Balla B, Wenzl T, Bandoniene D, Gfrerer M, Wagner S. 2004. Chemometrical compartmentalization of Pumpkin Seed OIl using Uv-Vis, NIR and FTIR Spectra. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 61(1-2)95-106.Ozen BF, Weiss I, Mauer L. 2003. dietary Supplement Oil Classification and Detection of Adulteration Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry 515871-5876.Pavia DL, Lampman GM, Kriz GS. 2000. Introductio n to Spectroscopy. New York Brooks Cole.Philippine National Standard for Virgin Coconut Oil. 2005. PNS/BAFPS 222004.Tapp HS, Defernez M, Kemsley K. 2003. FTIR spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis can Distinguish the geographical Origin of Extra Virgin chromatic Oil. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry 516110-6115.Tay A, Singh RK, Krishnan SS, Gore JP. 2002. Authentication of Olive Oil spoil with Vegetable Oils Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. LWT-Food Science and Technology 3599-103.Ulberth F, Buchgraber M. 2000. Authenticity of Fats and OIls. European Journal of Lipid Science Technology 102687-694.van de Voort F, Sedman J, Russin T. 2001. Lipid Analysis by Vibrational Spectroscopy. European Journal of Lipid Science Technology 103815-840.Vigli G, Philippidis A, Spyros A, Dais P. 2003. Classification of Edible Oils by Employing 31P and 1H proton magnetic resonance Spectroscopy in Combination with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. A object for the Detection of See d Oil Adulteration in Virgin Olive Oils. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry 515715-5722.Yang H, Irudayaraj J, Paradkar M. 2005. Discriminant Analysis of Edible Oils and Fats by FTIR, FT-NIR and FT-Raman Spectroscopy. Food Chemistry 9325-32.

Ethical Issues Of The Three Gorges Dam

Ethical Issues Of The 3 Gorges decametreThe role of an steer in upstart day society to respond to the needs of the general public by applying science and modern day engine room methods to follow a certain(prenominal) set of guidelines or specifications to deliver the customer needs. closely importantly, that the device, plan or creation should work up to guidelines and function with let on fail, and reach its level of performance. Hence, the engineer must work hard to design in much(prenominal) a authority to avoid failure which could result in dekametreage to passel and to the milieu, loss of property, injury or even death, thats sometimes how dangerous engineering science can be if safety precautions atomic number 18 take a leakn and abided by to bear the wellbeing of you and your co-worker species. With every go for taken upon by an engineer, they leave alone learn to a greater extent than and more from past mistakes, every day so that they leave behind come up with better designs which atomic number 18 more stinting and beneficial in the long run. all(a) engineers must accept their troubles bear on a wider responsibility than simply application of their skills. Engineers must act in an ethical and morally responsible way if they ar to be do by as professionals.All engineers should uphold normal standards of honesty and integrity. They should not mathematical function their skills and abilities to act in a dishonest or sel lean way or in a way that will harm others. Confidentiality should too be respected by the engineer irrespective whether to a dress confidentiality agreement has been signed or not with the client. The code relates to the behaviour of the decisions make by professional engineers, it is their responsibility to point reveal flaws or errors to their fellow work mates and bosses to ensure projects are finished to the authorize attain equal standard. There will be situations when state postulate different view s and objectives, so you are likely to be faced with an ethical dilemma. It is up to you as an engineer and a person to solve the problem and try to render the other peoples views and come out with the correct solution. Most cases will be minor ethical dilemmas and can be solved without too oft difficulty.Three Gorges DamThe cardinal gorges dam and all the surrounding base is the largest civil engineering projects ever undertaken in history, exactly because of the ethics of the march on , the project was under continuous scrutiny and controersy, cod to the monumental stinting, amic equal and environmental impacts.In 2007 there was report released into the growing threats from landslides and flooding, on top of that the social and political unrest and discontent from having to move zillions of people from where they were natural and grew up. The project is so controversial that even some Chinese officials are beginning to be very frank on their opinions of the project.To b e able to judge the firm cost and benefits on the projects cannot just get a price tag barely if something went wrong it would cause never forrader unheard of chaos in that region and in chinaware in general.The ProjectThe project itself stretches across the 3rd largest river in the realism by 2km the Yangtze river. The name of the dam terzetto gorges comes from the massive canyons that are formed by the towering limestone cliffs. The idea of a dam in the Chinese land of hubei in a small town called Sandouping, was primary proposed 80yrs ago by Sun Yat-sen, but because of the technology wasnt there 80yrs ago nothing went forward, but indeed again in the 1950s by chairman monoamine oxidase Tse Yung proposed that the construction of the project would be speeded up but nothing prodigious happened till 36yrs later in 1986 when the Chinese government asked a ring of Canadian business to finance a feasibility study.In 1992 The Chinese government approved the construction of th e dam two eld later the demonstrate began and after 9 eld hard work the first electricity was produced. The dam itself is 200m high with a volume of between 39-40 trillion cubic metres and the beginning is 600km long with a capacity of 40 meg cubic metres, the dam is set to produce 10% of the electricity utilization in china. In early 2008 the installation of the last generators was onused obstetrical delivery the total capacity to 14,800 MWe in 2010 when the project is set to be completed it will have the capability of producing more than 22,000 MWe eight times more than Hoover dam in Colorado.Hydro PowerHydro power is a body of piddle powered phenomena which uses the force or energy of high speed or high energy water to harness its power to generate electricity. gravity plays a big part in hydro power, as the water travel from a height it flakes blades which are specially designed in the dam to catch the flow of the oncoming water which then turn a turbine to genera te the power.wuhytypicalplant.gifIn the image above, we are shown a typical hydro electricity dam. The dam holds back a large scale amount of water fag end its walls, there is usually a reservoir behind the walls so that the water can be few through the gate in some(prenominal) quantity they desire. The water is then fed from the height it is at down through the intake pipe trough to the generator to turn the turbine which turns the generators and creates the electricity and then the electricity is directly fed to peoples homes and positionories for use. The water then continues on down the river as it was before after generating green energy.It is a big advantage to use hydropower rather than coal. The lead gorges dam is replace a coal fired station which would consume 50 one million million tonnes of coal a year which is equivalent to what is now being produced by the dam. This reduces annual carbon dioxide emissions by 150 million tonnes a year. This is a spectacular enviro nmental achievement.Environmental effectsThe constructions of large scale hydroelectric dams often have a detrimental effect on the environment. The Three Gorges Dam is no exception. The three Gorges Dam playing line of businesss is a very various(a) region with many different animal and plant species some of whom are only found in this part of the world. The dam and the large reservoir it created behind it have had a damaging impact on the local anesthetic environment. With the creation of the dam the probability of earthquakes in the area has increase due to the extra stress the weight of water puts on the two major fault lines in the region the Jiuwanxi and the Zigui-Badong. In the seven months after family line 2006, there were 822 tremors recorded after the water level was raised. So far none have been strong enough to cause any significant damage.The local wildlife has suffered greatly due to the dam including many endangered species much(prenominal) as the Giant Panda, Baili Dolphin (Chinese River Dolphin) and the Chinese Tiger. In total there are 47 endangered species in the Three Gorges Dam area. With the flooding of the land behind the dam the wildlife is being forced to higher(prenominal) ground. This higher ground are being turned into small islands forcing the animals to compete for whatever little food there is on these small islands.Freshwater fish are impact most by the dam due to the fact that they cannot cross the dam therefore reducing their habitat and stop them from acquiring to their spawning grounds upstream. The change of the temperature of the water and the change of the flow regime have had a damaging effect on the fish population. Also with the cut back water flow downstream seawater has started to flow up the river resulting in jellyfish coming into the river and competing for food with the indigenous fish population.The Three Gorges Dam area is home to 20% of Chinas plants, about 6,400 different species of plants. 57% of th ese plants are endangering. many another(prenominal) of these are used in Chinese medicine.The reservoir created behind the dam is having an effect on the local climate. The reservoir is having a lake effect i.e. when already moist air picks up moisture as it crosses a warm body of water and rains it out when it gets to land. It is in any case reducing the temperature of the area with the increase in the cloud cover.three_gorges.jpgSocial and Economic ImpactThe three Gorges Dam project has had a severe social effect of the people of the Hubei Provence of China. The dam has flooded 13 cities, 110 towns, 1350 villages and 100,000 acres of the most ample land in all of China in total an area of 632 km2 was flooded. The farmland lost to the reservoir produced 40% of Chinas grain and 70% of their rice. All this flooding has resulted in more than 1.2 million people having to be relocated. Many priceless archeology and cultural symbols of China have been lost including the Ba civilisati on that settled in the Three Gorges Area over 4,000 years ago.RelocationThe number of people relocated by the dam varies from 1.2 million to 5 million. Many of them were forcibly evicted from their homes They come, like devils, to knock down our homes, express villager Fu. Why are they so hard on us Most of the people displaced were moved to urban centres around Chongqing with insufficient compensation to bargain or build a sassy home, or were moved into new cities built for the displaced locals in the mountains on steep sloops. The farmers that were relocated and remained farmers were not able to produce enough crops on their new land because it is not full-bodied enough to survive, those who moved to the cities received no training for industrial job and found it hard to get work.Many of the resettled people step that their basic human rights have been ignored and have started to speak out against the governments handling of the relocation. Corruption and embezzling accusatio ns are rife, with 46% of the total budget for the project being spent of re-housing and compensating the local authorities have been accused of embezzling monetary fund and not spending enough money on housing resulting in poor workmanship and unsafe construction of the new houses.Economic BenefitsThe frugal benefits of the construction of the dam are huge. The dam will produce as much power as. The dam enables large cargo ships to travel moreover up the river.Hidden TruthSome recent reports concerning the dam that an increased amount of cracks was discovered in the concrete have been appearing which, is a worrying truth. The first crack was discovered in 1999 and even at present there are cracks as large as from the top to the back tooth which is 200m, when the waters start to rise to the max. In the largest dam in history, many towns and a lot more cultural treasures will be lost, but a much greater concerns that the dam might fail, unleashing a great mass of water for miles, possibly killing millions of people and causing billions of damage.The cracks in the dam are starting to become between 3 and 4 inches wide and 2m deep. Engineers also fear that the buildings built to relocate the millions of people affected by the project could also be at risk. The buildings where built on unstable ground where landslides are capable of occurring. There have also been fears of possible health hazards from the unrelated waste dumped into rivers every year.DiscussionThe three gorges dam is one of the worlds biggest gambles, the Chinese government have placed millions of lives on the line and millions of dollars. As well as putting endangered species at risk in their won environment, just because they thought it would save more lives from flood prevention and produce clean energy.Government official in charge, Wang Xiaofeng said during a meeting of Chinese scientists we simply cannot sacrifice the environment in exchange of temporary gainThe long term implications of the three gorges dam will not be understood fully until over the next few decades when engineers and scientists recognise the implications, some of which are already appearing. The trend size and importance of the dam in china is leaving it a prime target for a military strike, which was threatened by the U.S. pentagon in 2004. A blow to the three gorges dam would be catastrophic, it would kill millions of people, get down homes and towns as a mass wall of water are unleashed out of the reservoir. The Chinese military guard the dam in case of such an attack.The issues faced today are far more than was previously predicted, disdain efforts by the engineers and scientists it cannot be guaranteed that landslides can be controlled or when and where they might take place.In my opinion this project was put forward, not only for sparing or environmental gain, but for china to be portrayed as a force to be reckoned with and for the three gorges dam to be recognise for its greatness in modern day engineering.The three gorges dam may well be the biggest and best engineering project ever undertaken in this lifetime but it may also get the title for the biggest engineering failure in history thanks to third world work. shoemakers lastThe project deadline is 2010, starting in 1994, the project has spanned over 16 years and is nearly coming to completion. As one of the largest engineering projects in world the three gorges dam undoubtedly has its cost tag, among the most substantial be were to re locate 1.2 million Chinese natives to the lands whose houses and land were flooded to build the dam. The most important factor of the hydro dam is the reduction of the greenhouse gases as hydroelectricity is a completely green energy, also it has potentially reduced risks of floods. all over the next few decades, the projects aim will become more patent of the work it is doing for the environment but before these benefits are delivered, the environmental, social and econom ic costs are beginning to show. Some officials now in china are moving towards new massive projects in water energy, which could be costly and without having learned lessons from the three gorges, while other officials question the substantial human and environmental costs of the project.Chinese official said if a decision was undertaken on undemocratic and unscientific then the laws of nature will mercifully punish us and we will pay even more dearly

Representation of Photos in the Media

Representation of Photos in the MediaIntroduction to Media and Media Studies, Writing and the Media, Reading the MediaQuestion 1For the jibeation in the media, we mass relate to radio, television, cinema, internet such as social media, news and so on. Through them, we receive divergent training and entertain custodyt, generally for young throng who grew up in modern dry land and society. Media representation is how media portray particular root words, ideas or topics in the world to other perspective how we happen upon it. Let me photograph Twitter, for an example. Twitter is social media that take on over 1 billion users monthly and 313 gazillion monthly participating users. (Twitter usage/Company facts, 2016.)Twitter is cardinal of the social media w here population slip their opinions ab expose recent withalts, what is currently happening in their lives, who did something that was non impropriate or who is in a relationship with whom. Some of the companies or/an d celebrities argon difficult to interact with their followers and fans. Those fans can see their inspirations the route they look like, their mien and non experiencing it in man.In the interpretation, OShaughnessy and Stadler (201635) says that media first gives us info and plainly after the explanationsOn the panache media atomic number 18 learning nation how to retard a change in the world and how they see the world approximately them. Let me take travel blog as an example. For the last hardly a(prenominal) years more and more pot argon traveling about the world taking photographs, learning about new cultures, new countries, mostly difference between flock. Only after they write about it and that is how they teach other slew. Personally, I think that is the best way to meet surroundings, to be filled with experience and knowledge.Figure 1 Lin, E. 2013. 7 TIPS TO TRAVEL briskness IN THE SUMMER Summer fourth dimension is here It is the perfect time for trave ling and exploring the world. (The Lab, 2013) TAKE ANOTHER ONEWhen we talk about phylogeny media, they give us the information about some issues or adept how to understand g finisers, religions, cultures or races. They want to teach us how to be normal, essentially creating stereotypes and making sight being judgmental, how we see the world and the way we are deviation to treat each other if they are non the uniform as we are (OShaughnessy Stadler, 2016).Perfect example is with the biggest YouTube star Felix Kjellberg or his give name PewDiePie and biggest business journal, The Wall path Journal. Felix is a web-based comedian and word-painting producer whose job is to make people laugh. As PewDiePie/Felix says in the boob tube old school media doesnt like Internet personalities, because they are afraid of us. We wipe out so much influence and such a large joint and they dont understand that (see My Response- PewDiePie, 2017).Even if he did an interview in 2013 with Th e Wall pass Journal they would yet focus how much he earns as the corpuscle says YouTubes Biggest Draw Plays Games, Earns $4 million a Year (The Wall Street Journal, 2014.)Also the media would only acknowledge him for earning currency by playing games as a hobby, spending money on cars and luxuries, plainly they do not show that he donates millions to charities. But because he was so successful in his career, he wanted to be funnier than usual. In one of his YouTube videos he went honest a bit far with paying two men that were memory a sign facial expression Death to all Jews after he apologized to everyone express that he did not expect their response (see My Response PewDiePie, 2017).In the videos he made forward, he would wear a uniform, taking Adolf Hitler as a reference to make people laugh, but the words Adolf Hitler was saying had Nazi messages. As The Wall Street Journal (20171) says Disney Servers Ties With YouTube Star PewDiePie afterward Anti-Semitic Posts. af terwards that incident happened Disney canceled his show saying people Judaic religion were off terminate. PewDiePie automatically responded and apologized to his fans and people all over the world saying he didnt want to offend anyone and that his job is to make people laugh. new(prenominal) you-tubers are standing with PewDiePie, even his friend whose religion is Jewish. Felix friend Ethan Hakmon or his channel name h3h3Productions, states that Disney and WSJ didnt ask people Jewish religion did they rattling got offended or not, because he isnt. (see Is PewDiePie racist h3h3Productions, 2017).Representation, interpretation and evaluation in media are creating the world as a single community because they are giving their opinions on certain topics. The difficulty is they obligate a spacious influence on the world and people. People are becoming stereotypes and do not have their own opinion.Question 2One of the bureaus in the media is to inform. Media inform us about our s urroundings, we can easily find out what is happening in our country or on the other font of the world. For an example Haiti Earthquake in 2010. Oliver Laurent (2015) states On Jan 12, 2010, a devastating temblor with a magnitude of 7.0 struck Haiti, killing more than 160,000 and displacing close to 1.5 million people. Five years later, the scars of the tragedy remain in Port-au-Prince,We chose Haiti as information media because it was terrible for people whose families were on the island on that devastating and sad day. A lot of lives were lost and they are still battling with a lot of disparate offensivenesses and people who are still trying to find them members of families.The second role of in the media is to educate. Media educate us about possible diseases, technology, undiscovered places and unalike cultures. As an example Elon Musk, who created SolarCity. Musk believes that in 20-30 years majority of the planet ordain use solar energy system. (see The mind behind Tesl a, SpaceX, SolarCity Elon Musk TED talks, 2013). SolarCity creates roofs who are ultraviolet but cells are exposed to the sun. A roof with hidden solar tiles that powers your place with clean, renewable energy (SolarCity, 2017).Basically, Elon Musk is teaching us how to save the environment around us and use it in a unafraid way, but withal how to save our money and time.The third role of the media is to entertain. It contains of film, television, radio and internet. They are providing us with a lot of different content wanting to people to have fun, relax with their family and friends or and socialize. The Walt Disney Company, for example. They are cartoon innovation company, film company and music record label. They are besides producing raiment and toys (About The Walt Disney Company, 2017).We chose The Walt Disney Company as an entertainment as an example because of their offers and there is something for people in every age.Question 3Figure 2 Hutchings, M. 2015. resi st on the Ramp southeasterly African creator Isabelle Lotter JoinsFees essentialFall Movement. (Ramp1885.com, 2015)According to the BuzzFeedNews (2015) Fees Must Fall Movement is student protest that began mid-October in 2015 and still going in siemens Africa. Universities wanted to raise costs by 10.5 percent. archetypical protest was on the campus of the University of Witwatersrand and it was spread to other universities in the country.Figure 3 CityogJoburgZA, 2016. mho Africa brassy floods kill six people in Johannesburg.(Africanews.com., 2016)Africanews.com (2016) reports the attack was bad and it was raining a lot on 9th of November 2016. International aerodrome O.R. Tambo was flooded, not only the airport but tracks also. Water was everywhere and ended with disaster. People were dying and a lot of the infrastructure was ruined. Figure 4 Independent.co.uk. 2016. Barack Obama tells Latin America Dont assume the worst about Donald Trump (Independent.co.uk., 2016)On this p icture we can see Barack Obama (right on the picture) who was fall in States President before Donald Trump (left on the picture) on November 10, 2016. where they discussed about foreign and domestic policy (US Weekly, 2016). The picture was taken after the election at the light signboard in Washington D.C. (US Weekly, 2016).Question 4Our analysis of photograph that Sabelo Mlangeni was taking a series of photographs of people who African people are ignoring their existence. JRDIJKSTRA (2014) states in one of his articles that people are judged for things they do and for who they are. They are just trying to find themselves, it is not their fault that they were born in different bodies and different mind. But again, people are going to look at you and shoot fingers at you just because you do not look like they do.On the provided photographs we can see men who are wearing womans clothes and who represent their selves as women and women who are described as ghost. JRDIJKSTRA (2014) is asking himself Why and then do we hate these boys when they have grown up to be men who dress as women? Why do we turn and call them names, feigning that weve never seen it?The first thing that strikes us is their fashion. Because the way persons hair is done, the way they are dressed and the way they are proud who they are. You cannot really see that often with other people, but again, it is their fashion and this is how they feel and are. Also images are black and white which is unusual for 21 century.Central issue or concern would be how men are dressed in reality and the way they are not afraid to show who and what they are. Also, women on the pathway are like ghost what actually shows us how we do not realize what is happening around us and who is doing their job.Medium of the photographs are 10241024 and they are all black and white. They give us feeling how was in the ult but in present.With his images he reflects on his countrys past, while at the comparable time lo oking forward into the hereafter and how life has changed. History forms an consequential part of my work, he explains, especially in my own country where its just two decades ago that Apartheid was abolished (JRDIJKSTRA, 2014). So many things changed through past in southeast Africa. We think he wants to show people that difference between race and LGBTI people is not that different. It affects everyone around us and there is no rights of free speech and them coming out as different is daring no matter what other people are saying. Mlangeni wants to show us they existed before, not just in newer era.Sabelo Mlangeni is not relevant in South Africa because LGBTI is not a big topic at the moment the way is in countries overseas. The problem is that our country focuses more on corruption and pay rather than LGBTI. Maybe that is the reason they sterilise more judged here in South Africa or African continent than in Europe, US or Australia.Question 5In South African pics such as D istrict 9 and Tsotsi we can see a lot of crimes and how people are treating each other.Firstly, let me discuss about District 9. Xenophobia is one of the main problems in this movie. Xenophobia is a fear or dislike against people from other countries. (Dictonary.com, s.a.). Also in the movie they are referring to aliens as shrimps. I would say it is a racist thing to say. People from Johannesburg see aliens as people who steal all the time, they are uneducated or just doing illegal things. Tension of the crime is massive. The main character is Wikus van de Merwe, who is a very naive and he only thinks about himself, he also treats aliens like they are nothing. After he sprays a fluid in his face, he starts turning into one of them or into a shrimp. His father-in-law tries to convince his missy to move on, because he does not like him that is why he even gave him a promotion in the company called MNU. Nigerian people were shown as War Lords because they were selling cat food to alie ns as a scam, they would peck cat food for alien weapon. The problem was that the weapon works only with alien identity, so the boss of Nigerians wanted to cut Wikus hand off. Muti is a term for a witch doctor that Nigerians believed in, they would kill aliens and eat their split hoping they will get their powers to use their weapon. Another problem is that the media would show everything what is happening. At one point when the explosion happened, they said it was a terrorist attack, which was a lie. Also, when Wikus physical structure started to change, people would see him on the news or distinguish on the radio and they would run away from him. Nobody wanted to listen to him and hear what he has to say, people only believed in mass media. At the end they were all judgmental to each other, because they were not the same (District 9, 2009).And Tsotsi (2005) is a movie about stealing from people, killing and running away from reality. One of the problems is how those people liv e. Their houses are not in proper conditions, there are a lot of diseases that can be spread around them. The second problem was that the main character did not know how to communicate without using his gun, he would have disrespectful behavior and he did not have tenderness for anyone. The third problem is that most of the children from the street are on the street because they dont have families or their families are just ruined. The main characters mom was sick and she died when he was little and his dad was alcoholic, so he basically did not have anyone to raise him on the way he can have an education or love. He would steal more and more from people who would look better looking, fights and killing others were the answer for everything. The only reason for ever-changing his mind from all the crime was the baby from the car he stole. At the end he returns baby home after trying to take care of him, realizing it is very hard to take care of kids if you dont have money and safe a rea to live. Also, he took responsibilities for his actions.Question 66.1. Vodacom Summer 2015 insinuate caption does not have anything with the provided link. However, advert that was on offer on provided link was a Blue Ribbon Bread (My Mom Is So placid, 2015). The advert is way too long and it loses the whole point of the advert. We also decided to find Vodacom Summer 2015 Advert (Vodacom Summer 2015, 2015). From the begging we can see it that advert is about Vodacom. We think they tried to show their consumers and future consumers that they can stay in touch and stay connected no matter in which situation they are or where ever they are.6.2. icteric Licken Advert (Inner peace, 2015) tries to show us how their master is going to do everything and anything to get chicken pieces and just because he is eating their chicken he is so good in karate.6.3. KFC (Emzini Wezinsizwa KFC South Africa advert, 2015) advert shows us that family or group of five can share one meal for a good p rice. The quality of the food is excellent because they would do anything for it. Also main characters in the advert according to the SABC1 (2017), were from the highly popular African sitcom Emzini Wezinsizwa.Bibliography/ fictitious character listTwitter usage/Company facts. 2017. Its whats happening, 30 June 2016. Online. functional at https//about.twitter.com/company Accessed 03.03.2017.OShaughnessy, M. and Stadler, J. 2016. Media and society. 5th ed. South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Oxford University press.Lin, E. 2013. 7 tips to travel smart in the summer, The Lab, 2 July 2013 Blog. Online. Available at http//blog.kdanmobile.com/2013/07/02/7-tips-to-travel-smart-in-the-summer/ Accessed 03.03.2017.OShaughnessy, M. and Stadler, J. 2016. Media and Society. 5th ed. South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Oxford University press.My Response PewDiePie. 2017. YouTube video, added by PewDiePie Online. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwk1DogcPmU Accessed 03.04.2017.My Response PewDi ePie. 2017. YouTube video, added by PewDiePie Online. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwk1DogcPmU Accessed 03.04.2017.Grundberg, S. and Hansegards, J. 2014. Youtubes biggest draw plays games, earns 4$ million a year. Cussing, Comic Videogame Reviwer PewDiePIe has 27 Million Subscribers. The Wall Street Journal. 1. Online. Available at https//www.wsj.com/articles/youtube-star-plays-videogames-earns-4-million-a-year-1402939896 Accessed 04.03.2017.Winkler, R., Nicas, J. and Fritz, B. 2017. Disney Servers Ties With YouTube Star PewDiePie After Anti-Semitic Posts. Move came after the Journal asked about videos in which he included anti-Semitic jokes or Nazi imagery. The Wall Street Journal. 1. Online. https//www.wsj.com/articles/disney-severs-ties-with-youtube-star-pewdiepie-after-anti-semitic-posts-1487034533 Accessed 04.03.2017.Is PewDiePie Racist? h3h3Productions. 2017. YouTube video, added by h3h3Productions Online. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLNSiFrS3n4 Accessed 04.03.2017.Laure nt, O. 2016. Haiti Earthquake Five Years Later. Time.com, 21 January 2015 Online. Available at http//time.com/3662225/haiti-earthquake-five-year-after/ Accessed 04.03.2017.The mind behind Tesla, SpaceX, SolarCity Elon Musk TED talks. 2017. YouTube video, added by TED Online. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgKWPdJWuBQ Accessed 04.03.2017.SolarCity. 2017. Solar roof. n.d. 2017. Online. Available at http//www.solarcity.com/residential/solar-roof Accessed 04.03.2017.The Walt Disney Company. 2017. About The Walt Disney Company, 2017. Online. Available at https//thewaltdisneycompany.com/about/ Accessed 04.03.2017.Ramp1885.com. 2015. Protest on the Ramp South African Designer Isabelle Lotter Joins FeesMustFall Movement. Online. Available at http//ramp1885.com/protest-on-the-ramp-south-african-designer-isabelle-lotter-joins-feesmustfall-movement/ Accessed 04.03.2017.Africanews.com. 2016. South Africa Flash floods kill six people in Johannesburg. Online. Available at http//www.africanews.c om/2016/11/10/south-africa-flash-floods-kill-six-people-in-johannesburg/ Accessed 04.03.2017.Africanews.com. 2016. South AfricaFlash floods kill six people in Johannesburg. Online. Available at http//www.africanews.com/2016/11/10/south-africa-flash-floods-kill-six-people-in-johannesburg/ Accessed 04.03.2017.Independent.co.uk. 2016. Barack Obama tells Latin America Dont assume the worst about Donald Trump. Online. Available at http//www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/barack-obama-donald-trump-latinamerica-president-elect-dont-assume-worst-tpp-trade-a7427986.html Accessed 04.03.2017.US Weekly. 2016. President Obama, Michelle Obama Welcome Donald Trump, Melania to White House, 10 November 2016 Online. http//www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/president-obama-donald-trump-meet-at-white-house-post-election-w449671 Accessed 04.03.2017.US Weekly. 2016. President Obama, Michelle Obama Welcome Donald Trump, Melania to White House, 10 November 2016 Online. http//www.usmagazine.com/c elebrity-news/news/president-obama-donald-trump-meet-at-white-house-post-election-w449671 Accessed 04.03.2017.JRDIJKSTRA. 2014. Jorrit R Dijkstra. My photographs dont belong in a drawer. Online. http//jorritdijkstra.nl/?tag=sabelo-mlangeni Accessed 07.03.2017.JRDIJKSTRA. 2014. Jorrit R Dijkstra. My photographs dont belong in a drawer. Online. http//jorritdijkstra.nl/?tag=sabelo-mlangeni Accessed 07.03.2017.Dictonary.com s.a. Online. http//www.dictionary.com/browse/xenophobia?s=t Accessed 04.03.2017.District 9. 2009. Directed by Neil Blompkamp, Film. South Africa, New Zealand, United States TriStar Pictures.Tsotsi. 2005. Directed by Gavin Hood, Film. South Africa Ster-Kinekor Pictures and Miramax Films.My Mom Is So Cool Blue Ribbon Bread. 2015., added by Blue Ribbon Bread, 19 Feb 2014. soil video. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=oW4WfO0LMnw Accessed 07.03.2017.Vodacom Summer 2015 MyBroadband. 2016. YouTube video, added by MyBroadband Online. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iBZpTdDN Ts Accessed 07.03.2017.Inner peace Chicken Licken Advert. 2015., Agency Network BBDO Johannesburg, South Africa, 5 Nov 2015. Brand video. https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMctGA8CzQE Accessed 07.03.2017.SABC 1. 2017. About Emzini Wezinsizwa, n.d 2017. Online. http//www.sabc1.co.za/sabc/home/sabc1/schedule/details?id=63154728-3583-4156-a34b-f080985d6811title=Emzini%20Wezinsizwa Accessed 07.03.2017.In the List of FiguresFigure 5 Lin, E. 2013. 7 TIPS TO TRAVEL SMART IN THE SUMMER Summer time is here It is the perfect time for traveling and exploring the world.Figure 6 Hutchings, M. 2015. Protest on the Ramp South African Designer Isabelle Lotter Joins FeesMustFall Movement.Figure 7 CityogJoburgZA, 2016. South Africa Flash floods kill six people in Johannesburg.Figure 8 Independent.co.uk. 2016. Barack Obama tells Latin America Dont assume the worst about Donald Trump.